Goal based standards , what is it ? , how is it monitored ?

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There is an increasing tendency to adopt a goal-based approach to regulation in general and there
are good technical and commercial reasons for believing this approach is preferable to more
prescriptive regulation. “Goal-based regulation” does not specify the means of achieving
compliance but sets goals that allow alternative ways of achieving compliance. For instance,
“People shall be prevented from falling over the edge of a cliff” is goal-based. In prescriptive
regulation the specific means of achieving compliance is mandated, e.g. “You shall install a
1 metre high rail at the edge of the cliff”.

Tier I - Goals
Tier II - Functional requirements
Tier III - Verification of compliance criteria
Tier IV - Technical procedures and guidelines, classification rules and industry standards
Tier V - Codes of practice and safety and quality systems for shipbuilding, ship operation, maintenance,training, manning, etc.

In general, verification should consist of the following four steps:
1 verification that prescriptive rules by classification societies are in accordance with the goal-based standards;
2 verification that the design of individual ships meets classification societies’ rules;
3 verification that the construction of ships meets classification societies’ rules; and
4 verification that the ship throughout its life meets applicable rules.
However this verification process is still in preliminary stages and IMO is still working on improving the verification process

GBS are now implemented for Oil tankers and bulk carriers, the progress will be reviewed along and improvments will be done on verification and GBS.