ECDIS stand electronic chart display and information system. It is updated with the help of a CD.
An ECDIS is a unified navigational information display which presents on an updated chart background,updated route,present position and fast track, combining these as approprite with radar,ARPA and other navigational sensors in order to improve safe navigational through the clear display of the situation in the vicinity of the ship.
chart can be corrected through a floppy disc,compact disc, even directly through the satellite systems. The latest system of updating charts is that the manufacturer transmit the chart updated as broadcast in coded format. Dedicated software is fitted in the ECDIS which will receive these updates,decode them and correct the charts.
velocity of propagation in water, stylus speed error, pythagoras error, multiple echoes, thermal and density layers, zero line adjustment error, cross noise, Aeration.
The angle of repose or, more precisely, the critical angle of repose,[1] of a granular material is the steepest angle of descent or dip of the slope relative to the horizontal plane when material on the slope face is on the verge of sliding. This angle is given by the number (0°–90°).
