Exp pooping , surfing & broaching to ? how can you avoid it

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FOLLOW

Pooping
Breaking of rising wave over the stern in poop deck area.
Develops when bad weather is directly from stern.
Vessels with less freeboard may suffer from popping.
Occurs when a vessel falls into the trough of a wave and does not rise with it.
It may occur if the vessel falls as the wave is rising.
Causes following wave to break over the stern or poop deck areas.

Result:
May cause considerable damage to stern area.
Damage to propeller and rudder due to severe buffeting.
Engine room can be flooded if the openings which face aft are not properly secured.

Corrective actions:
Occurs when velocity of sea is equal to or greater than ship's speed.
Alter course and head sea.