2ND MATE EXAM ORAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LATEST QUESTIONS | Page 72

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also...
failure to update charts
hardware failure
software failure
datum shift
Imp. alarms nt set..
over reliance on ecdis
Input from various equipmnts like gyro gps etc nt proper..

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1. can be affected by viruses;
2. ENCs does not have worldwide coverage;
3. sudden power failure may hamper navigation in serious stage;
4. if any interface fails it will provide wrong information.

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An State is called Flag State when the ships is registered in that country, the ships carries this flag. The Port State is any State with an international port. For example a ship is registered in Hong Kong and is in the port of Singapore. In this example is Hong Kong the flag state and Singapore is the Port State.

Each member (=flag state) from the IMO who is the administration of a port state has to install Port State officers. Those officers will inspect the ship according the international legislation and not according the national legislation.

For example an inspector from the flag state Hong Kong will inspect a ship which is in Singapore according the legislation of Hong Kong. So the inspection is according the minimum regulations of the conventions which are ratified by Hong Kong plus additional regulation of Hong Kong. The port state officer in Singapore will look at all the conventions which are in force from the IMO and ILO. The port state officer will not take the additional flag state legislation in consideration. If for example Hong Kong didn’t ratified one of the conventions, the port state officer still will look at this particular convention, while the flag state inspector will not look at this convention.  

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Pillar or spar shape
Topmark- upright X(+)
Colour-Alternate stripes of blue and yellow colur,minimum 4 and maximum 8.
Light-Alternate flashing yellow and blue.
 1s(blue)-0.5s(dark)-1s(yellow)