MASTER EXAM ORAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LATEST QUESTIONS | Page 53

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RESOLUTION A.851(20) adopted on 27 November 1997
GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR SHIP REPORTING SYSTEMS AND SHIP REPORTING REQUIREMENTS, INCLUDING GUIDELINES FOR REPORTING INCIDENTS INVOLVING DANGEROUS GOODS, HARMFUL SUBSTANCES AND/OR MARINE POLLUTANTS
gives all the details.

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In accordance with article V(1) of Protocol I of MARPOL 73/78 Reports should be transmitted to the nearest coastal State. When the ship is within or near an area for which a ship reporting system has been established, reports should be transmitted to the
designated shore station of that system.
GUIDELINES FOR DETAILED REPORTING REQUIREMENTS as per RESOLUTION A.851(20)

GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR SHIP REPORTING SYSTEMS AND SHIP REPORTING REQUIREMENTS, INCLUDING GUIDELINES FOR REPORTING INCIDENTS INVOLVING DANGEROUS GOODS, HARMFUL SUBSTANCES AND/OR MARINE POLLUTANTS
3.1 Dangerous goods reports (DG)
3.1.1 Primary reports should contain items, A, B, C (or D), M, Q, R, S, T, U, X of the standard
reporting format; details for R should be as follows:  R
1 Correct technical name or names of goods.
2 UN number or numbers.
3 IMO hazard class or classes.
4 Names of manufacturers of goods when known, or consignee or consignor.
5 Types of packages including identification marks. Specify whether portable
tank or tank vehicle, or whether vehicle or freight container or other cargo
transport unit containing packages. Include official registration marks and numbers assigned to the unit.
6 An estimate of the quantity and likely condition of the goods.
7 Whether lost goods floated or sank.
8 Whether loss is continuing.
9 Cause of loss.

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Under Article 8.1 (b) of the 1989 Salvage Convention a Salvor is required, whilst carrying out salvage operations, to exercise due care to prevent or minimize damage to the environment.

Article 14 of the Convention provides for the Salvor to be paid Special Compensation under specific circumstances where he has rendered services to a vessel which by itself or its cargo threatened damaged to the environment, and the salved property fund is insufficient to provide the salvor with a normal salvage reward.
This special compensation, if applicable, is assessed on the basis of a fair rate for personnel and equipment utilised in the services, plus the reasonable out of pocket expenses incurred in the services, plus a bonus of up to 30% of
the total expenses, or if fair and just to do so, up to 100% of such expenses.

Subsequently the Article 14 Special Compensation provisions proved time consuming and expensive to assess, and the commercial parties to Lloyds
Form produced an alternative method of assessing Special Compensation, namely the Special Compensation P&I Club Clause, or SCOPIC.
SCOPIC is a tariff based system of assessing Special Compensation, with a fixed bonus of 25% of the salvors expenses under the SCOPIC Clause.

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Under the 1976 Convention limits are
specified for two types of claims:
1) claims for loss of life or personal injury; and
2) property claims (such as damage to other
ships, property or harbour works).

Claims excepted from limitation-
a) claims for salvage or contribution in
general average;
b) claims for oil pollution damage within the meaning of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, dated 29 November 1969, or of any amendment or Protocol thereto which is in force;
Note- Pollution caused by bunker spilled from ships other than tankers is covered by the Bunker Pollution Convention. Bunker Convention,does not contain a standalone limitation in itself but refers to an applicable national or international regime such as LLMC 1976
c) claims subject to any international convention or national legislation governing or prohibiting limitation of liability for nuclear damage;
d) claims against the shipowner of a nuclear ship for nuclear damage;
e) claims by servants of the shipowner or salvor whose duties are connected with the ship or the salvage operations, including claims of their heirs, dependants or other persons entitled to make such claims, if under the law governing the contract of
service between the shipowner or salvor and such servants the shipowner or salvor is not entitled to limit his liability in respect of such claims, or if he is by such law only permitted to limit his liability to an amount greater than that provided for in Article 6.

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SOLAS - International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea - Chapter II-2 - Construction - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction - Part C - Suppression of fire - Regulation 7 - Detection and alarm - Reg 5 Protection of accommodation and service spaces and control stations

5.1. Smoke detectors in accommodation spaces

. Smoke detectors shall be installed in all stairways, corridors and escape routes within accommodation spaces as provided in paragraphs 5.2, 5.3 and 5.4. Consideration shall be given to the installation of special purpose smoke detectors within ventilation ducting.

5.2. Requirements for passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers

. A fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in service spaces, control stations and accommodation spaces, including corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces. Smoke detectors need not be fitted in private bathrooms and galleys. Spaces having little or no fire risk such as voids, public toilets, carbon dioxide rooms and similar spaces need not be fitted with a fixed fire detection and alarm system. Detectors fitted in cabins, when activated, shall also be capable of emitting, or cause to be emitted, an audible alarm within the space where they are located.

5.3. Requirements for passenger ships carrying not more than 36 passengers

. There shall be installed throughout each separate zone, whether vertical or horizontal, in all accommodation and service spaces and, where it is considered necessary by the Administration, in control stations, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk such as void spaces, sanitary spaces, etc., either:

.1. a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system so installed and arranged as to detect the presence of fire in such spaces and providing smoke detection in corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces. Detectors fitted in cabins, when activated, shall also be capable of emitting, or cause to be emitted, an audible alarm within the space where they are located; or

.2. an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the relevant requirements of the Fire Safety Systems Code and so installed and arranged as to protect such spaces and, in addition, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system and so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces.

5.4. Protection of atriums in passenger ships

. The entire main vertical zone containing the atrium shall be protected throughout with a smoke detection system.

5.5. Cargo ships

. Accommodation and service spaces and control stations of cargo ships shall be protected by a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system and/or an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system as follows depending on a protection method adopted in accordance with regulation 9.2.3.1.

5.5.1. Method IC - A fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces.

5.5.2. Method IIC - An automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the relevant requirements of the Fire Safety Systems Code shall be so installed and arranged as to protect accommodation spaces, galleys and other service spaces, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk such as void spaces, sanitary spaces, etc. In addition, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces.

5.5.3. Method IIIC - A fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be so installed and arranged as to detect the presence of fire in all accommodation spaces and service spaces, providing smoke detection in corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk such as void spaces, sanitary spaces, etc. In addition, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces.
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Regulation 9.2.3.1. refered above-

Methods of protection in accommodation area
2.3.1.1. One of the following methods of protection shall be adopted in accommodation and service spaces and control stations:

.1. Method IC - The construction of internal divisional bulkheads of non-combustible "B" or "C" class divisions generally without the installation of an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system in the accommodation and service spaces, except as required by regulation 7.5.5.1(given above); or

.2. Method IIC - The fitting of an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system as required by regulation 7.5.5.2(given above) for the detection and extinction of fire in all spaces in which fire might be expected to originate, generally with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheads; or

.3. Method IIIC - The fitting of a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system as required by regulation 7.5.5.3(given above), in spaces in which a fire might be expected to originate, generally with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheads, except that in no case must the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by an "A" or "B" class division exceed 50 m2. Consideration may be given by the Administration to increasing this area for public spaces.

2.3.1.2. The requirements for the use of non-combustible materials in the construction and insulation of boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces, control stations, service spaces, etc., and the protection of the above stairway enclosures and corridors will be common to all three methods outlined in paragraph 2.3.1.1.