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MASTER EXAM ORAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - LATEST QUESTIONS | Page 125
Q. 1241) Difference between controllable pitch propellor and variable pitch propellor ?
X
Q. 1242) What is hot pursuit and what is base line ?
X
hot pursuit is a right of authority let say police to go for a search without a search warrant due to a condition that if time wasted in obtaining the warrant would cause no help in enquiry. and Base line as described in UNCLOS it is the low water line along the coast as marked on large scale approved chart.
As per UNCLOS every state has the right to pursue and investigate any vessel involved in a crime against the state. The government vessel (coast gaurd/navy) can pursue the rogue vessel even upon the high seas but only till the time that the vessel is outside the waters of another state.
Q. 1243) Why STCW 95 but MARPOL 73 / 78 ?
X
STCW 95 completely revised the STCW 78 which was in force. MARPOL 73 was not yet in force when the Protocol of 78 came . MARPOL 73 already covered pollution by Oil, Chemicals,Harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and Garbage. Protocol of 78 added measures related to tanker design and operation (like COW). Thus while STCW 95 completely revised STCW 78 , MARPOL protocol 78 added new measures, hence MARPOL is referred as -
INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR THE PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION FROM SHIPS,1973 AS MODIFIED BY THE PROTOCOL OF 1978 RELATING THERETO(MARPOL 73/78)
Phew !!!!
Q. 1244) Harmonised system of survey ? details ?
XThe harmonized system will alleviate the problems caused by survey dates and intervals between surveys which do not coincide, so that a ship should no longer have to go into port or repair yard for a survey required by one convention shortly after doing the same thing in connection with another instrument.
The harmonized system provides for:
%u2022 a one-year standard interval between surveys, based on initial, annual, intermediate, periodical and renewal surveys as appropriate;
%u2022 a scheme for providing the necessary flexibility for the execution of each survey with the provision that the renewal survey may be completed within three months before the expiry date of the existing certificate with no loss of its period of validity;
%u2022 a maximum period of validity of five years for all certificates for cargo ships;
%u2022 a maximum period of validity of 12 months for the Passenger Ship Safety Certificate;
%u2022 a system for the extension of certificates limited to three months to enable a ship to complete its voyage (or one month for ships engaged on short voyages);
%u2022 when an extension has been granted, the period of validity of the new certificate is to start from the expiry date of the existing certificate before its extension.
The main changes to the SOLAS and Load Lines Conventions are that annual inspections have been made mandatory for cargo ships and unscheduled inspections have been discontinued.
Q. 1245) How to calculate the position of datum in sar
XDatum means a geographic point, line, or area used as a
reference in search planning.
The following factors should be considered
* reported position and time of the SAR incident
* any supplementary information such as DF bearings or sightings
* time interval between the incident and the arrival of SAR facilities
* estimated surface movements of the distressed craft or survival craft, depending on drift The datum position for the search is found as follows:
drift has two components: leeway and total water current
leeway direction is downwind & leeway speed depends on wind speed
* the observed wind speed when approaching the scene may be
used for estimating leeway speed of liferafts by using the graph given in vol 3 of IAMSAR
(Persons in the water (PIW) have no leeway while liferaft stability and speed vary with or without drogue or ballast.)
* total water current may be estimated by computing set and
drift when approaching the scene
* drift direction and speed is the vector sum of leeway and total water current
* drift distance is drift speed multiplied by the time interval between the incident time, or time of the last computed datum, and the commence search time
(drift distance = drift speed x drift time)
* datum position is found by moving from the incident position, or last computed datum position, the drift distance in the drift direction and plotting the resulting position on a suitable chart.
Q. 1246) Angle of loll correction ?
X%uF0DC If the ship takes up an angle of loll due to a very small %u2013ve GM, it should be corrected as soon as possible.
%uF0DC First make sure that the heel is due to a %u2013ve GM and not due to uneven distribution of weights on board
Eg: When bunkers are burned from one side of a divided DB tank, it will obviously cause G to move to G1, away from the COG of the burned bunkers and will result in the ship listing.
%uF0DC Having satisfied that the weights are uniformly distributed, one can assume that the list is probably created due to small negative GM
%uF0DC Top up any slack tanks and lower the weights within the ship if possible to eliminate the virtual rise of G due to FSE.
Eg: Derricks to be lowered if any topped
Oil in deep tanks to be transferred to DB tanks
%uF0DC If the ship is still listed and if it is decided to fill DB tanks, start by filling the lower side of the tank which is adequately subdivided. It is safe to use tanks those which have the smallest area and filled so that the increase in list is reduced to a minimum.
%uF0DC Tanks to be filled one at a time.
%uF0DC The list is bound to increase at the initial stages.
%uF0DC If the high side is filled first, the ship will start to right herself but then it may roll suddenly over to take up a larger angle of roll on the other side or perhaps even capsizing.
%uF0DC When more water is run into the tank the COG of the ship will gradually move down and the list will start to decrease.
%uF0DC As the list decreases, water may run into the other side of the tank
%uF0DC Never start by filling tanks on the higher side first
Q. 1248) What do you understand by a 742 (20) ?
XTHIS RESOLUTION DEFINES "PROCEDURES FOR THE CONTROL OF OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS RELATED
TO THE SAFETY OF SHIPS AND POLLUTION PREVENTION".
It basically provides for the Port State Control and the procedure for carrying out the PSC inspection.
Q. 1249) What do you understand by COGSA ? why is it required ?
XCarriage of goods by sea Act. Each Country has its own COGSA in which details of sea carriage of goods are given and the rules governing them is given. It briefs whether the country follows the HR, HVR or Hamburg rules.
